{"id":4406,"date":"2021-10-22T11:53:08","date_gmt":"2021-10-22T09:53:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.electrex.it\/en\/?p=4406"},"modified":"2021-10-22T12:53:15","modified_gmt":"2021-10-22T10:53:15","slug":"the-measurement-of-energy-in-dc-systems","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.electrex.it\/en\/news\/company-news\/the-measurement-of-energy-in-dc-systems.html","title":{"rendered":"The measurement of energy in DC Systems"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element fusion-image-align-center in-legacy-container\" style=\"text-align:center;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><div class=\"imageframe-align-center\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-1 hover-type-none\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.electrex.it\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Electrex-DC-Power-Energy-main-high-res.jpg\" class=\"fusion-lightbox\" data-rel=\"iLightbox[be1f5e63b1627624bd6]\" data-title=\"Electrex-DC-Power-Energy-main-high-res\" title=\"Electrex-DC-Power-Energy-main-high-res\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"997\" height=\"559\" alt=\"The measurement of energy in DC Systems\" src=\"https:\/\/www.electrex.it\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Electrex-DC-Power-Energy-main-high-res.jpg\" class=\"img-responsive wp-image-3694\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.electrex.it\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Electrex-DC-Power-Energy-main-high-res-200x112.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.electrex.it\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Electrex-DC-Power-Energy-main-high-res-400x224.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.electrex.it\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Electrex-DC-Power-Energy-main-high-res-600x336.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.electrex.it\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Electrex-DC-Power-Energy-main-high-res-800x449.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.electrex.it\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Electrex-DC-Power-Energy-main-high-res.jpg 997w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 997px\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1\" style=\"--awb-text-transform:none;\"><h2><\/h2>\n<h3><b>Many applications now see benefits in switching to using DC power<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Since it is easier to use, for more than a hundred years Alternate Current (AC) has been the default option for any energy distribution system.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In recent years instead, what companies and building owners are discovering is that\u00a0 Direct Current (DC) can greatly improve efficiency in many applications.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">One of the main reasons is the critical mass that DC has reached due to the energy transition initiatives. Energy Transition is the shift to a low carbon, environmentally friendly, reliable, and affordable energy supply.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Especially the needs for new, efficient energy conversion technology and improved battery chemistry are growing rapidly.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Some of the main DC system benefits are:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Reduction of conversion losses.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Improved integration of renewable energies and DC sources.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Use of recovery energy.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Savings from simpler and more compact systems design.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Better power quality and system reliability.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>DC energy measurement applications<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The growing role of DC systems will also drive the demand for monitoring and controlling solutions.<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><b>Electrex sees opportunities for direct current measurement in electric vehicle charging stations, in power generation systems (renewables), data centers \/ server farms, microgrids and in peer-to-peer energy sharing.<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-bottom:10px;width:100%;\"><div class=\"fusion-separator-border sep-single sep-solid\" style=\"--awb-height:20px;--awb-amount:20px;--awb-sep-color:#d1cfcf;border-color:#d1cfcf;border-top-width:2px;\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-2\"><h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #008080;\">Contact me to schedule a call! I will be glad to answer any questions you may have.<\/span><\/h3>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-builder-row-inner fusion-row\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-0 fusion_builder_column_inner_1_2 1_2 fusion-one-half fusion-column-first\" style=\"--awb-bg-color:rgba(0,188,212,0.16);--awb-bg-color-hover:rgba(0,188,212,0.16);--awb-bg-size:cover;width:50%;width:calc(50% - ( ( 4% ) * 0.5 ) );margin-right: 4%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-person person fusion-person-center fusion-person-1 fusion-person-icon-top\" style=\"--awb-pic-style-color:#000000;--awb-pic-borderradius:50%;--awb-margin-top:0px;--awb-margin-right:0px;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;--awb-margin-left:0px;--awb-social-box-border-top:0px;--awb-social-box-border-right:0px;--awb-social-box-border-bottom:0px;--awb-social-box-border-left:0px;--awb-social-box-border-color:var(--awb-color3);--awb-social-box-border-color-hover:var(--awb-color4);--awb-social-box-colors-hover:rgba(232,232,232,0.8);--awb-social-icon-boxed-colors:#e8e8e8;--awb-social-icon-colors:#bebdbd;--awb-social-icon-colors-hover:rgba(190,189,189,0.8);\"><div class=\"person-shortcode-image-wrapper\"><div class=\"person-image-container hover-type-zoomin person-rounded-overflow\" style=\"-webkit-border-radius:50%;-moz-border-radius:50%;border-radius:50%;border:1px solid #bababa;-webkit-border-radius:50%;-moz-border-radius:50%;border-radius:50%;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/skendermusaj\/\" target=\"_self\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"person-img img-responsive wp-image-3385\" width=\"237\" height=\"237\" src=\"http:\/\/www.electrex.it\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/profile.jpg\" alt=\"Skender Musaj\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.electrex.it\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/profile-200x200.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.electrex.it\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/profile.jpg 237w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 237px\" \/><\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"person-desc\"><div class=\"person-author\"><div class=\"person-author-wrapper\"><span class=\"person-name\">Skender Musaj<\/span><span class=\"person-title\">Export Manager<\/span><\/div><div class=\"fusion-social-networks\"><div class=\"fusion-social-networks-wrapper\"><a class=\"fusion-social-network-icon fusion-tooltip fusion-youtube awb-icon-youtube custom\" aria-label=\"fusion-youtube\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/user\/ELECTREXAkse\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"color:#bebdbd;font-size:16px;\" data-placement=\"top\" data-title=\"YouTube\" title=\"YouTube\" data-toggle=\"tooltip\"><\/a><a class=\"fusion-social-network-icon fusion-tooltip fusion-linkedin awb-icon-linkedin custom\" aria-label=\"fusion-linkedin\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/skendermusaj\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"color:#bebdbd;font-size:16px;\" data-placement=\"top\" data-title=\"LinkedIn\" title=\"LinkedIn\" data-toggle=\"tooltip\"><\/a><a class=\"fusion-social-network-icon fusion-tooltip fusion-skype awb-icon-skype custom\" aria-label=\"fusion-skype\" href=\"https:\/\/join.skype.com\/invite\/bPmE5qKKSqhe\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"color:#bebdbd;font-size:16px;\" data-placement=\"top\" data-title=\"Skype\" title=\"Skype\" data-toggle=\"tooltip\"><\/a><a class=\"fusion-social-network-icon fusion-tooltip fusion-whatsapp awb-icon-whatsapp custom\" aria-label=\"fusion-whatsapp\" href=\"https:\/\/wa.me\/393481520683\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"color:#bebdbd;font-size:16px;\" data-placement=\"top\" data-title=\"Whatsapp\" title=\"Whatsapp\" data-toggle=\"tooltip\"><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"person-content fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-1 fusion_builder_column_inner_1_2 1_2 fusion-one-half fusion-column-last\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-border-color:#d6d6d6;--awb-border-top:0;--awb-border-right:0;--awb-border-bottom:0;--awb-border-left:0;--awb-border-style:solid;width:50%;width:calc(50% - ( ( 4% ) * 0.5 ) );\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\">\n<div class=\"wpcf7 no-js\" id=\"wpcf7-f3528-o1\" lang=\"it-IT\" dir=\"ltr\" data-wpcf7-id=\"3528\">\n<div class=\"screen-reader-response\"><p role=\"status\" aria-live=\"polite\" aria-atomic=\"true\"><\/p> <ul><\/ul><\/div>\n<form action=\"\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4406#wpcf7-f3528-o1\" method=\"post\" class=\"wpcf7-form init\" aria-label=\"Modulo di contatto\" novalidate=\"novalidate\" data-status=\"init\">\n<fieldset class=\"hidden-fields-container\"><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7\" value=\"3528\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7_version\" value=\"6.1.5\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7_locale\" value=\"it_IT\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7_unit_tag\" value=\"wpcf7-f3528-o1\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7_container_post\" value=\"0\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7_posted_data_hash\" value=\"\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7_recaptcha_response\" value=\"\" \/>\n<\/fieldset>\n<p><label> Email(*)<br \/>\n<span class=\"wpcf7-form-control-wrap\" data-name=\"email\"><input size=\"40\" maxlength=\"400\" class=\"wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-email wpcf7-validates-as-required wpcf7-text wpcf7-validates-as-email\" aria-required=\"true\" aria-invalid=\"false\" value=\"\" type=\"email\" name=\"email\" \/><\/span> <\/label>\n<\/p>\n<p><label> Telephone (*)<br \/>\n<span class=\"wpcf7-form-control-wrap\" data-name=\"telefono\"><input size=\"40\" maxlength=\"400\" class=\"wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-text wpcf7-validates-as-required\" aria-required=\"true\" aria-invalid=\"false\" value=\"\" type=\"text\" name=\"telefono\" \/><\/span> <\/label>\n<\/p>\n<p><label> Messagge<br \/>\n<span class=\"wpcf7-form-control-wrap\" data-name=\"messaggio\"><textarea cols=\"40\" rows=\"5\" maxlength=\"2000\" class=\"wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-textarea\" aria-invalid=\"false\" name=\"messaggio\"><\/textarea><\/span> <\/label>\n<\/p>\n<p><input class=\"wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-submit has-spinner\" type=\"submit\" value=\"Submit\" \/>\n<\/p><div class=\"fusion-alert alert custom alert-custom fusion-alert-center wpcf7-response-output fusion-alert-capitalize awb-alert-native-link-color alert-dismissable awb-alert-close-boxed\" style=\"--awb-border-size:1px;--awb-border-top-left-radius:0px;--awb-border-top-right-radius:0px;--awb-border-bottom-left-radius:0px;--awb-border-bottom-right-radius:0px;\" role=\"alert\"><div class=\"fusion-alert-content-wrapper\"><span class=\"fusion-alert-content\"><\/span><\/div><button type=\"button\" class=\"close toggle-alert\" data-dismiss=\"alert\" aria-label=\"Close\">&times;<\/button><\/div>\n<\/form>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-bottom:10px;width:100%;\"><div class=\"fusion-separator-border sep-single sep-solid\" style=\"--awb-height:20px;--awb-amount:20px;--awb-sep-color:#d1cfcf;border-color:#d1cfcf;border-top-width:2px;\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-3\" style=\"--awb-text-transform:none;\"><h3><a href=\"https:\/\/www.electrex.it\/en\/?attachment_id=4407\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-4407 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/www.electrex.it\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/ev-charging-dc-system.jpg\" alt=\"Electric vehicle charging stations\" width=\"250\" height=\"185\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.electrex.it\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/ev-charging-dc-system-200x148.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.electrex.it\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/ev-charging-dc-system-300x222.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.electrex.it\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/ev-charging-dc-system-400x296.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.electrex.it\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/ev-charging-dc-system-600x444.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.electrex.it\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/ev-charging-dc-system.jpg 626w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 250px) 100vw, 250px\" \/><\/a><b>Electric vehicle charging stations<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Electric vehicle charging will become a massive energy trading market, resulting in the need for accurate energy billing.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In many cases\u00a0 the energy measurement of standard EV chargers is calculated on the AC side. This means that the energy lost in the AC-DC conversion is not measured. So the end customer is being charged for more energy than he is effectively using.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Governments are introducing normatives to regulate this sector but the energy conversion and distribution losses still remain.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For example the new EU regulations oblige energy suppliers to invoice the customer only for the energy transferred to the EV, with the consequence of leaving the energy conversion and distribution losses to the supplier.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There is a clear need for accurate, DC side billing considering the new fast and ultra-fast EV chargers where energy is transmitted in DC and when connected directly to the vehicle battery.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>DC distribution &#8211; DC Microgrids<a href=\"https:\/\/www.electrex.it\/en\/news\/company-news\/the-measurement-of-energy-in-dc-systems.html\/attachment\/dc-microgrid\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-4408\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-4408 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/www.electrex.it\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/dc-microgrid.jpg\" alt=\"DC distribution - DC Microgrids\" width=\"251\" height=\"179\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.electrex.it\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/dc-microgrid-200x143.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.electrex.it\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/dc-microgrid-300x214.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.electrex.it\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/dc-microgrid-400x286.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.electrex.it\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/dc-microgrid-600x428.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.electrex.it\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/dc-microgrid.jpg 626w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 251px) 100vw, 251px\" \/><\/a><\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A microgrid is a self-sufficient energy system that serves a discrete geographic footprint, such as a college campus, hospital complex, business center, or neighborhood.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">With the widespread use of renewable energy generators (solar panels, wind turbines, etc.), generator sets and energy storage buildings can even become totally self-sufficient (but still supported \/ connected to the grid).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Up to 50% of a building&#8217;s electrical loads run on direct current. Currently, every electronic device must convert alternating current into direct current, and up to 20% of the energy is lost in the process, with an estimated total saving of up to 28% compared to traditional alternating current distribution.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Efficiency can be generated by converting AC current to DC all at once and directing DC directly to appliances that need it, such as LED lights and computers.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Interest in DC microgrids is growing rapidly, and consequently also the need to measure and monitor DC loads.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>DC data-centers \/ server farms<a href=\"https:\/\/www.electrex.it\/en\/news\/company-news\/the-measurement-of-energy-in-dc-systems.html\/attachment\/dc-power-server-farm\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-4409\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-4409 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/www.electrex.it\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/dc-power-server-farm.jpg\" alt=\"DC data-centers \/ server farms\" width=\"251\" height=\"223\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.electrex.it\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/dc-power-server-farm-200x178.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.electrex.it\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/dc-power-server-farm-300x266.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.electrex.it\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/dc-power-server-farm-400x355.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.electrex.it\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/dc-power-server-farm-600x533.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.electrex.it\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/dc-power-server-farm.jpg 626w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 251px) 100vw, 251px\" \/><\/a><\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In modern server farms, integration with renewable energy today is much easier and more efficient. This allows to extend the\u00a0 DC part of the system and to reduce the conversion (AC\/DC) steps.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Accurate measurement of DC power is gaining interest as many operators share the same hardware infrastructure with multiple customers.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Shifting to the more measurable approach of charging customers based on use of energy is a necessity for being more efficient and competitive.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The two most common charging methods for the use of energy are:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">per whip: fixed rate for each socket<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">metered energy: socket equipped with a meter and charging of the kWh actually consumed<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-4\" style=\"--awb-text-transform:none;\"><h2><\/h2>\n<h2><b>How DC power and energy is measured <\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Modern energy meters, alternating or direct current are built in compliance with international\u00a0standards and are all classified according to the number of pulses per kWh and the accuracy class.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">While the measurement of voltage in DC systems is done mostly the same way in all the types of devices, current measurement offers more alternatives, including direct and indirect modality.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Main methods for current measurement:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-4412 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/www.electrex.it\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/DC-Systems-SHUNT-wiring.jpg\" alt=\"DC-Systems-SHUNT-wiring\" width=\"193\" height=\"202\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.electrex.it\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/DC-Systems-SHUNT-wiring-200x209.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.electrex.it\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/DC-Systems-SHUNT-wiring-288x300.jpg 288w, https:\/\/www.electrex.it\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/DC-Systems-SHUNT-wiring-400x417.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.electrex.it\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/DC-Systems-SHUNT-wiring.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 193px) 100vw, 193px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><b>DIRECT &#8211; Shunt Resistance<br \/>\n<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Shunt measurement is an inexpensive method for measuring current with theoretically an unlimited bandwidth. The current flow is passed through a shunt resistor of known value.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> However, this method has some disadvantages. The heat resulting from the Joule effect is proportional to the square of the current. This will cause not only losses in terms of efficiency, but a self-heating that will change the resistive value of the shunt itself resulting in a decrease of accuracy. In order to limit the self-heating effect, a low value resistor is used, which in turn will lower accuracy. Under these conditions, reaching the accuracy required in the lower part of the measuring range can be difficult.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><b>INDIRECT &#8211; Magnetic Field Detection<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><img decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-4413 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/www.electrex.it\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/DC-Systems-Hall-effect-wiring.jpg\" alt=\"DC-Systems-Hall-effect-wiring\" width=\"171\" height=\"201\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.electrex.it\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/DC-Systems-Hall-effect-wiring-200x235.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.electrex.it\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/DC-Systems-Hall-effect-wiring-255x300.jpg 255w, https:\/\/www.electrex.it\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/DC-Systems-Hall-effect-wiring-400x471.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.electrex.it\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/DC-Systems-Hall-effect-wiring.jpg 589w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 171px) 100vw, 171px\" \/><b>Open Loop Hall Effect Current sensors: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Open loop current sensors provide output voltage proportional to measured. The sensor consists of a ring with high magnetic permeability through which the wire of the current to be detected is passed.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This type of sensor will provide isolation and high current range while maintaining a relatively low cost. The absolute accuracy\u00a0 generally does not go below 1%.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><b>Closed Loop Hall Effect Current sensors: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This version of the sensor has in addition also a secondary winding on the permeable core. Its linearity is better and there is no core hysteresis with a higher overall thermal drift. A closed-loop configuration offers a higher accuracy, typically lower than 0.5% but are usually bigger, have a higher power consumption as well as a higher price. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><b>Fluxgate: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A fluxgate current sensor has basically the same structure as a current sensor with a magnetic balance system, except that it has a magnetic probe coil instead of a Hall element.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It offers good temperature stability and an accuracy of up to 0.1%. However, the complex electronics of the sensor make it an expensive solution with prices 10 times higher than other isolated solutions.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<h2><b>Electrex is your partner for monitoring and controlling DC systems<\/b><\/h2>\n<h2><b><a href=\"https:\/\/www.electrex.it\/en\/news\/company-news\/direct-current-is-the-new-opportunity-for-energy-efficiency.html\/attachment\/femto-4hall-dc-power-energy\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-3693\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-3693\" src=\"https:\/\/www.electrex.it\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Femto-4Hall-DC-Power-Energy.jpg\" alt=\"Femto-4Hall-DC-Power-Energy\" width=\"571\" height=\"559\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.electrex.it\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Femto-4Hall-DC-Power-Energy-66x66.jpg 66w, https:\/\/www.electrex.it\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Femto-4Hall-DC-Power-Energy-200x196.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.electrex.it\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Femto-4Hall-DC-Power-Energy-300x294.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.electrex.it\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Femto-4Hall-DC-Power-Energy-400x392.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.electrex.it\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Femto-4Hall-DC-Power-Energy.jpg 571w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 571px) 100vw, 571px\" \/><\/a><\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">DC applications are not a new challenge for Electrex. We have been manufacturing <strong>DC analyzers for more than 28 years<\/strong>, initially using <a href=\"https:\/\/www.electrex.it\/en\/products\/renewable-energies\/pfa7471-02-atto-d4-dc-rs485-230-240v-transducer-energy-analyzer-2.html\">SHUNT resistance<\/a> method, and have already completed thousands of projects.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This has allowed us to build a solid know-how on the DC systems\u00a0 that has recently been embedded in our new <a href=\"https:\/\/www.electrex.it\/en\/products\/renewable-energies\/pfn66-h0508-a10-femto-4hall-net-d6-dc-web-log-8-charts-18-60vdc-energy-analyzer-a-web-data-manager.html\">Femto 4Hall D6 series<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p><strong>The Femto 4Hall D6 is an <a href=\"https:\/\/www.electrex.it\/en\/category\/products\/renewable-energies\">DC Energy Analyzer &amp; Web Data Manager<\/a> with an embedded web server and multiple communication ports (Ethernet, Wi-Fi, RS485, ExpBus, NFC).<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Being an ALL-IN-ONE type of device, in addition to the measurement function it also has gateway, datalogger and controller capabilities including <a href=\"https:\/\/www.electrex.it\/en\/products\/energy-analyzer-a-web-data-manager\/pfsu940-16-net-upgrade-energy-automation-puk.html\">an embedded PLC<\/a> and capable of sending <a href=\"https:\/\/www.electrex.it\/en\/products\/wireless-devices\/pfsu940-15-net-upgrade-e-mail-puk.html\">real-time email notifications<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is equipped with 4 current inputs allowing you to monitor multiple loads with a single device.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.electrex.it\/en\/products\/products-products\/products.html\/attachment\/pfc0300-2-2\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-3668\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-3668 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/www.electrex.it\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2006\/10\/PFC0300-2.png\" alt=\"Accessories\" width=\"111\" height=\"111\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.electrex.it\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2006\/10\/PFC0300-2-66x66.png 66w, https:\/\/www.electrex.it\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2006\/10\/PFC0300-2-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.electrex.it\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2006\/10\/PFC0300-2-200x200.png 200w, https:\/\/www.electrex.it\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2006\/10\/PFC0300-2.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 111px) 100vw, 111px\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The device uses external, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.electrex.it\/en\/products\/accessories\/split-ct-mini-series.html\"><b>Open Loop Hall Effect Current sensors<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> connected via RJ type connectors, directly allowing fast installation and accurate measurements.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Femto 4Hall D6 can be used as a stand-alone device or interconnected to other units from the same or different series.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The embedded web server used for real time and historical data displaying can be integrated with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.electrex.it\/en\/category\/products\/software\">our software suite and our cloud platform Energy Brain<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>Complete monitoring solutions<\/h2>\n<blockquote>\n<p><strong>We can offer\u00a0a complete solution\u00a0for managing DC and AC systems in any organization.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>The Electrex Complete Monitoring networks are the ideal solution for <strong>energy audits, continuous monitoring<\/strong> (e.g. ISO 50001) and for <strong>energy efficiency projects<\/strong> (e.g.\u00a0 Green \/ White Certificates or Energy Efficiency Certificates).<\/p>\n<p>The Electrex systems are modular and can expand over time thanks to the many possibilities of connecting the devices (Wi-Fi, RS485, E-Wi, ExpBus, Ethernet, NFC), and of display and management of the data collected.<\/p>\n<p>With a single system, you can keep track of <strong>all energy vectors<\/strong> (electricity, gas, water, etc.), of <strong>environmental parameters<\/strong> related to them (temperature, humidity, luminosity, CO2, etc.), of\u00a0 <strong>process parameters<\/strong> (compressed air , calories, level, status, etc.); measure the operating time of a load \/ appliance using a single reference clock; manage <strong>Energy Automation &#8211; Industry 4.0 processes<\/strong> (automate the management of ON\/OFF switches, automatic adjustments, remote management, alarms and more) to achieve the main objective: to reduce energy costs and avoid outages.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.electrex.it\/en\/applications\/electrex-applications\/monitoring-networks-example.html\/attachment\/attachment-reti-monitoraggio-energia-industria\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-673\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-673 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.electrex.it\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/07\/energy-monitoring-network-industrial.jpg\" alt=\"Reti monitoraggio energia - industria\" width=\"910\" height=\"910\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.electrex.it\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/07\/energy-monitoring-network-industrial-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.electrex.it\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/07\/energy-monitoring-network-industrial-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.electrex.it\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/07\/energy-monitoring-network-industrial-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.electrex.it\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/07\/energy-monitoring-network-industrial.jpg 910w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 910px) 100vw, 910px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-bottom:10px;width:100%;\"><div class=\"fusion-separator-border sep-single sep-solid\" style=\"--awb-height:20px;--awb-amount:20px;--awb-sep-color:#d1cfcf;border-color:#d1cfcf;border-top-width:2px;\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-5\"><h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #008080;\">Contact me to schedule a call! I will be glad to answer any questions you may have.<\/span><\/h3>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-builder-row-inner fusion-row\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-2 fusion_builder_column_inner_1_2 1_2 fusion-one-half fusion-column-first\" style=\"--awb-bg-color:rgba(0,188,212,0.16);--awb-bg-color-hover:rgba(0,188,212,0.16);--awb-bg-size:cover;width:50%;width:calc(50% - ( ( 4% ) * 0.5 ) );margin-right: 4%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-person person fusion-person-center fusion-person-2 fusion-person-icon-top\" style=\"--awb-pic-style-color:#000000;--awb-pic-borderradius:50%;--awb-margin-top:0px;--awb-margin-right:0px;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;--awb-margin-left:0px;--awb-social-box-border-top:0px;--awb-social-box-border-right:0px;--awb-social-box-border-bottom:0px;--awb-social-box-border-left:0px;--awb-social-box-border-color:var(--awb-color3);--awb-social-box-border-color-hover:var(--awb-color4);--awb-social-box-colors-hover:rgba(232,232,232,0.8);--awb-social-icon-boxed-colors:#e8e8e8;--awb-social-icon-colors:#bebdbd;--awb-social-icon-colors-hover:rgba(190,189,189,0.8);\"><div class=\"person-shortcode-image-wrapper\"><div class=\"person-image-container hover-type-zoomin person-rounded-overflow\" style=\"-webkit-border-radius:50%;-moz-border-radius:50%;border-radius:50%;border:1px solid #bababa;-webkit-border-radius:50%;-moz-border-radius:50%;border-radius:50%;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/skendermusaj\/\" target=\"_self\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"person-img img-responsive wp-image-3385\" width=\"237\" height=\"237\" src=\"http:\/\/www.electrex.it\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/profile.jpg\" alt=\"Skender Musaj\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.electrex.it\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/profile-200x200.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.electrex.it\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/profile.jpg 237w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 237px\" \/><\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"person-desc\"><div class=\"person-author\"><div class=\"person-author-wrapper\"><span class=\"person-name\">Skender Musaj<\/span><span class=\"person-title\">Export Manager<\/span><\/div><div class=\"fusion-social-networks\"><div class=\"fusion-social-networks-wrapper\"><a class=\"fusion-social-network-icon fusion-tooltip fusion-youtube awb-icon-youtube custom\" aria-label=\"fusion-youtube\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/user\/ELECTREXAkse\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"color:#bebdbd;font-size:16px;\" data-placement=\"top\" data-title=\"YouTube\" title=\"YouTube\" data-toggle=\"tooltip\"><\/a><a class=\"fusion-social-network-icon fusion-tooltip fusion-linkedin awb-icon-linkedin custom\" aria-label=\"fusion-linkedin\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/skendermusaj\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"color:#bebdbd;font-size:16px;\" data-placement=\"top\" data-title=\"LinkedIn\" title=\"LinkedIn\" data-toggle=\"tooltip\"><\/a><a class=\"fusion-social-network-icon fusion-tooltip fusion-skype awb-icon-skype custom\" aria-label=\"fusion-skype\" href=\"https:\/\/join.skype.com\/invite\/bPmE5qKKSqhe\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"color:#bebdbd;font-size:16px;\" data-placement=\"top\" data-title=\"Skype\" title=\"Skype\" data-toggle=\"tooltip\"><\/a><a class=\"fusion-social-network-icon fusion-tooltip fusion-whatsapp awb-icon-whatsapp custom\" aria-label=\"fusion-whatsapp\" href=\"https:\/\/wa.me\/393481520683\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"color:#bebdbd;font-size:16px;\" data-placement=\"top\" data-title=\"Whatsapp\" title=\"Whatsapp\" data-toggle=\"tooltip\"><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"person-content fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-3 fusion_builder_column_inner_1_2 1_2 fusion-one-half fusion-column-last\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-border-color:#d6d6d6;--awb-border-top:0;--awb-border-right:0;--awb-border-bottom:0;--awb-border-left:0;--awb-border-style:solid;width:50%;width:calc(50% - ( ( 4% ) * 0.5 ) );\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\">\n<div class=\"wpcf7 no-js\" id=\"wpcf7-f3528-o2\" lang=\"it-IT\" dir=\"ltr\" data-wpcf7-id=\"3528\">\n<div class=\"screen-reader-response\"><p role=\"status\" aria-live=\"polite\" aria-atomic=\"true\"><\/p> <ul><\/ul><\/div>\n<form action=\"\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4406#wpcf7-f3528-o2\" method=\"post\" class=\"wpcf7-form init\" aria-label=\"Modulo di contatto\" novalidate=\"novalidate\" data-status=\"init\">\n<fieldset class=\"hidden-fields-container\"><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7\" value=\"3528\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7_version\" value=\"6.1.5\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7_locale\" value=\"it_IT\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7_unit_tag\" value=\"wpcf7-f3528-o2\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7_container_post\" value=\"0\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7_posted_data_hash\" value=\"\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7_recaptcha_response\" value=\"\" \/>\n<\/fieldset>\n<p><label> Email(*)<br \/>\n<span class=\"wpcf7-form-control-wrap\" data-name=\"email\"><input size=\"40\" maxlength=\"400\" class=\"wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-email wpcf7-validates-as-required wpcf7-text wpcf7-validates-as-email\" aria-required=\"true\" aria-invalid=\"false\" value=\"\" type=\"email\" name=\"email\" \/><\/span> <\/label>\n<\/p>\n<p><label> Telephone (*)<br \/>\n<span class=\"wpcf7-form-control-wrap\" data-name=\"telefono\"><input size=\"40\" maxlength=\"400\" class=\"wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-text wpcf7-validates-as-required\" aria-required=\"true\" aria-invalid=\"false\" value=\"\" type=\"text\" name=\"telefono\" \/><\/span> <\/label>\n<\/p>\n<p><label> Messagge<br \/>\n<span class=\"wpcf7-form-control-wrap\" data-name=\"messaggio\"><textarea cols=\"40\" rows=\"5\" maxlength=\"2000\" class=\"wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-textarea\" aria-invalid=\"false\" name=\"messaggio\"><\/textarea><\/span> <\/label>\n<\/p>\n<p><input class=\"wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-submit has-spinner\" type=\"submit\" value=\"Submit\" \/>\n<\/p><div class=\"fusion-alert alert custom alert-custom fusion-alert-center wpcf7-response-output fusion-alert-capitalize awb-alert-native-link-color alert-dismissable awb-alert-close-boxed\" style=\"--awb-border-size:1px;--awb-border-top-left-radius:0px;--awb-border-top-right-radius:0px;--awb-border-bottom-left-radius:0px;--awb-border-bottom-right-radius:0px;\" role=\"alert\"><div class=\"fusion-alert-content-wrapper\"><span class=\"fusion-alert-content\"><\/span><\/div><button type=\"button\" class=\"close toggle-alert\" data-dismiss=\"alert\" aria-label=\"Close\">&times;<\/button><\/div>\n<\/form>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-6\"><h1>About us<\/h1>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" style=\"float: left; margin-left: 5px; margin-right: 5px;\" src=\"http:\/\/electrex.it\/en\/images\/stories\/sito\/electrex-20-years-experience.png\" width=\"124\" height=\"124\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Since 1993 Electrex designs, develops, manufactures and markets, Made in Italy,<strong> instruments and software<\/strong> for energy\u00a0 management and control.<\/p>\n<p>The Electrex solutions are used in the <strong>Energy Efficiency and Energy Automation<\/strong> applications, for the industrial, commercial, public, civil, and renewable energy sectors allowing a rapid return on investment.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p><strong>The solutions provided up to now allow the management of over 400,000 measuring points and more than 700,000 points are controlled via Energy Automation applications.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>Electrex, <strong>one of the first companies<\/strong> to operate in these sectors, has acquired over the years a considerable experience and competence that few other companies can claim to have. With over 40% of the staff dedicated to R &amp; D, we demonstrate our strong commitment to innovation and continuous improvement in order to anticipate the needs of our customers.<\/p>\n<div class=\"fusion-button-wrapper fusion-aligncenter\"><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat fusion-button-default-size button-default fusion-button-default button-1 fusion-button-default-span fusion-button-default-type\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.electrex.it\/en\/company\/about-us\/about-us.html\"><span class=\"fusion-button-text awb-button__text awb-button__text--default\">Read More<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":4407,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[26],"tags":[660],"class_list":["post-4406","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-company-news","tag-homepage"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The measurement of energy in DC Systems - Electrex - the energy saving technology<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The measurement of energy in DC Systems. 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